If cable TV subscribers paid for just the channels they watch ("a la carte"), instead of paying a flat fee for channel packages, it would "jeopardize an economic model that has helped the industry maintain huge profits." The Center for Public Integrity [3] reports on "a highly sophisticated lobbying campaign" by the cable industry to build anti-a la carte "astroturf [4]." Some of the "seemingly disinterested third parties [5]" opposing a la carte have received large donations and other benefits from cable companies. Time Warner lobbyist Leslie Harris worked "closely with Oxygen Media" to "organize over 30 prominent women's organizations"; civil rights groups and lawmakers have also taken anti-a la carte positions.