Pharmacology professor Sorell Schwartz of the Center for Environmental Health and Human Toxicology testified against the industry-funded Tobacco Institute [3], during the ongoing $280 billion federal lawsuit against big tobacco [4]. Schwartz said that, in the 1980s, the Institute's PR team, "who felt that we were not being cooperative enough," urged him and other supposedly independent researchers to "take a more advocative position" on issues like secondhand smoke [5]. But former Institute lawyer John Rupp (now with the Covington & Burling [6] law and lobbying firm) insisted [7] that "the industry sought out scientists and paid them to make an 'objective appraisal'" on secondhand smoke, to "dispel the 'extreme views' of some anti-smoking activists."