The Lucy Burns Institute [3] (LBI) is a Madison-based 501(c)3 nonprofit organization founded in 2006 and named after a significant leader of the women's suffrage movement. The organization [3] sponsors three websites: Ballotpedia [4], which tracks elections and ballot measures at the state level; WikiFOIA [5], which provides Information on how to use Freedom of information laws at the state and local level; and Judgepedia [6], which provides information on the nation's judges and court systems.

Through these online resources, LBI says it is dedicated to "openness in politics on both sides of the aisle" and "empowering ordinary citizens with ways to both learn about local government, and share the information they learn with others." But there is some information LBI does not want to share. Even though the organization is a major proponent of transparency in government operations and budgeting, it provides limited information about how the organization itself is funded.

As a consequence, when reporters and other users of LBI's resources cite the organization's work, they may not be aware of its close ties to right-wing funders and organizations including foundations and organizations associated with the Koch brothers. Below we use foundation annual reports, IRS 990 filings, archived materials, and other resources to detail these connections.

LBI Receives Funds From the Conservative Sam Adams Alliance

LBI took over [7] Ballotpedia and Judgepedia from the Chicago-based Sam Adams Alliance (SAM) in 2009 and continues to receive [8] funding from SAM, as of their most recent IRS filing. SAM is a 501(c)3 public charity that says it is devoted [9] to pushing "free-market principles." Of its $3.9 million [10] budget, SAM also provides funding to groups such as the Tea Party Patriots Foundation, the First Freedom Foundation, and the Citizens in Charge Foundation. SAM gets funding from the State Policy Network [11] (SPN) which is partially funded by The Claude R. Lambe Foundation [12], a project of Charles Koch who co-owns Koch Industries with his brother David.

Leslie Graves [13] is the president [14] of LBI. In 2006, Graves started [15] Renewal Voter 
Outreach,
 registering [16] it as a Nebraska Limited Liability Corporation (LLC). The
 company was paid
 $1.4 million [15] to conduct petition drives for two ballot initiatives in Nebraska. One was in favor of a "Humane Care" amendment to the state constitution which would prevent the withholding of food and water from terminally ill patients at the request of their kin, unless there were a written "advance directive," or living will, specifying otherwise. According to The Omaha World-Herald, about one out of every five signatures [17] needed to get the amendment on the ballot, were
 thrown out [18]. The other petition drive was for a ballot measure to put a cap 
on state spending, which also failed. A blogger [19] traced the string of connections between a nonprofit organization, tied to her husband Eric O'Keefe (who previously sat [20] on the board) and his daughter (who served as director), which provided money to a group which then funded two other
 groups which in turn provided funding to Graves' LLC to collect the petitions.

Graves has also been very involved [21] with Rachel's Vineyard, a Catholic organization that offers weekend retreats for women who have had abortions, which is intended to reconcile what the ministry calls [22] "the sin of abortion."

O'Keefe is the CEO of SAM. O'Keefe has been featured at events funded by David Koch's Americans for Prosperity [23] (AFP) group which is heavily involved in supporting right-wing politicians with independent expenditures and other assistance that stretches the limits of legality. O'Keefe is a right-wing political operative that has deep ties to the Koch brothers. He helped launch the American Majority Tea Party group which trains right-wing candidates to run for office. He sits [24] on the Board of Directors of the Club for Growth Wisconsin, which ran divisive ads in support of Governor Scott Walker's radical overhaul of collective bargaining rights for Wisconsin workers. He has also served on the board of Koch's Institute for Humane Studies, the Center for Competitive Politics, and chairs the Health Care Compact Alliance.

On its 2009, 990 form [25], SAM listed that it "entered into a contract with Lucy Burns Institute (LBI) which provided LBI with sponsorship of Ballotpedia and Judgepedia." Graves worked [7] as a part-time consultant to SAM from 2008-2009. LBI also appears to be a family affair, employing two of the Graves/O'Keefe family daughters.

Many LBI Staff Trained By Koch Institutions, Other Right-Wing Ties

The LBI staff -- based both in Madison and other parts of the country -- have links to right-wing organizations and individuals, including the Kochs.

Graves, formerly known as Leslie Key, became the Wisconsin chair of the Libertarian Party in 1979 and served [26] as a regional representative on the Libertarian National Committee until 1983. She likely ran into David Koch as he ran for Vice President on the Libertarian line in 1980. Before her stint in politics, Leslie served as an editor for the Update newsletter, published by the Libertarian Review Foundation. The publication was criticized [27] in the Libertarian Forum for being "an unofficial organ" disseminating the views of Ed Crane, the founder of the Cato Institute who served as its president until October 2012. A 1981 memo [27] from Crane to Graves and David Koch illustrates the relationship: "David Koch has indicated he will kick in $10,000 to Update next year. If Leslie is very nice to him we might be able to talk him into $5,000 more (right, David?)."

Geoff Pallay [28], special projects director of Ballotpedia, is a graduate [29] of the Koch Associate Program, a program of the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation. Beyond his time as a Koch associate, Pallay was steeped in the Koch ideology in other positions he held. He worked [30] as a policy analyst for the South Carolina Policy Council, during which he was "also learning Market-Based-Management -- a management philosophy created by Charles Koch, CEO of Koch Industries." Pallay has been featured at events such as a policy forum [31] earlier this year at the Cato Institute (along with Eric O'Keefe).

Kelly O'Keefe [32], Eric O'Keefe's daughter and the Director of Development for LBI, worked [33] as development associate for the Koch-funded Institute for Humane Studies [34] (IHS), which works to identify, develop, and support young libertarians. She was also a Koch associate at the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation. (LBI also employs Graves' daughter, Sara Key [35], as Operations Officer.)

Christopher Bedford [36], an associate editor at the right-wing news outlet The Daily Caller, is a former staff writer [37] for LBI and Koch associate for the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation. Eileen McGuire-Mahony [38], a former Ballotpedia Staff Writer, was also a Koch associate [39]. Hannah Mead [40], listed as a staff writer for Ballotpedia on her LinkedIn page, was also an IHS Koch Summer Fellow [41].

LBI's board of directors also includes right-wing and Koch ties. LBI's secretary, Jack McHugh, is a senior legislative analyst [42] for the Mackinac Center for Public Policy. The Mackinac Center is a right-wing think tank, which has received some funding from the Kochs and is also a member [43] of the American Legislative Exchange Council [44] (ALEC). As previously reported [45] by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD), the Mackinac Center has been using ALEC to push efforts to weaken unions, including dismantling public sector collective bargaining rights.

Erick Erickson, the Chairman of the Board and Managing Editor of Redstate, is a board member of LBI. Redstate is the "leading conservative news blog for right of center online activists." Breitbart TV describes [46] Erickson as a "right wing hero." In years past, Lorri Pickens [47] has served [48] as the secretary/treasurer of LBI. Pickens currently works as the Director of State Operations for David Koch's AFP and previously served as outreach coordinator for SAM.

While LBI states that it is dedicated to transparency, it does not list any Board members nor any information about its funding on its website. The staff profiles that are listed on the website do not mention the Koch connections, but do include details about half marathons, pet dogs, and home renovations. Graves' profile [49] is notably bare.

LBI and the Sunshine Review

LBI and SAM have both provided funding to the Sunshine Review, a 501(c)3 non-profit [50] organization "dedicated to state and local government transparency." In 2010, it received over [8] $560,000 from SAM. LBI works in collaboration [50] with the Sunshine Review on the WikiFOIA project and the Sunshine Review's logo is listed prominently on the homepage of LBI. The organization was founded in July 2008 as a project of SAM, but separated from SAM in 2010. According to LBI's 990 forms, the institute has given the Sunshine Review $231,458 from 2008-2010. According to the group's most recently available 990 form, Graves is a chair of Sunshine Review.

The Sunshine Review is listed as a partner organization [51] of the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation for its associate program. LBI has been listed [52] in the past as a Koch partner organization.

The Sunshine Review is an ALEC Private Sector Member. Michael Barnhart, the president of the organization, represents the Sunshine Review on ALEC's Tax and Fiscal Policy Task Force. At the ALEC 2010 meeting in San Diego, Barnhart discussed proposed model legislation [53]: "The Transparency and Government Accountability Act." It was adopted by the Tax and Fiscal Policy Task Force in August 2010, and approved [54] by the ALEC Board of Directors in September 2010. Similar versions of this bill have been introduced in states such as Virginia [55], New Mexico [56], Iowa [57], and Utah [58]. The bill requires the development of a detailed website listing all revenue and expenditures of the state down to the level of each check. It also includes voting record information, open records information, information on lobbying and state contracts, and ethics information. While the idea seems unobjectionable, the detailed budgeting information has been criticized as a duplicative effort to showcase and make hay of perceived "wasteful spending."

The Sunshine Review also gives states a "Transparency Report Card" grading them at the level of state, county, city, and school district. The organization has evaluated over 6,000 government websites. The Sunshine Review has worked [50] closely with the National Taxpayers Union, another ALEC member dedicated to eliminating taxes and shrinking the size of government. NTU President Duane Parde [59] is former Executive Director of ALEC. The group has been involved in pushing [60] this type of transparency legislation in states across the country, even before it was adopted by ALEC.

LBI and the State Policy Network

LBI also has relationships with several other ALEC members. It is a member [61] of the State Policy Network (SPN), which connects and funds conservative state-based think tanks and receives partial funding from The Claude R. Lambe Foundation. SPN is an ALEC member [11] and "Chairman" level sponsor of its 2011 Annual Meeting, and many of its affiliated think tanks are ALEC members as well. LBI offers [62] free wiki training seminars to SPN members and Graves and LBI have been featured [63] at SPN events.

LBI also collaborates with other SPN members and ALEC funders, such as the Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity, a national journalism organization launched by SAM. The Franklin Center has a presence in over 40 states with state-house news bureaus and journalists hosted by other outlets and think tanks. It provides its coverage free as a wire-like service and boasts that it "already provides 10 percent of all daily reporting from state capitals nationwide." As previously reported [64] by CMD, despite their non-partisan description, many of these websites have received criticism for their right-wing bias. Ballotpedia has hosted a series [65] of webinars [66] on elections with the Franklin Center. According to the Franklin Center's 2009 990 report [67], it gave $43,000 to LBI that year.

Transparency "Critical" for Groups Pushing Transparency

While the websites often appear to be evenhanded and LBI states it is "dedicated to fairness and openness in politics, on 
both sides of the aisle," for instance by giving the official "pro" and "con" information on state ballot initiatives, at other times the websites steer readers to conservative resources.

For instance, on Judgepedia, one of the resources offered is a list of blogs that cover 
the judiciary or politics, broken down by state. The Wisconsin 
list, for example, 
names 25 blogs. Of these blogs, 19 have a conservative slant, one has a 
liberal slant, three are balanced and the other two are no longer
 accessible. Graves' daughter, Sara Key, has done most of the edits on
 this page.

Since transparency and citizen participation is part of the LBI mission, it is notable that there is no information about how LBI is funded on any of its many websites. The website for the Sunshine Review, which also sponsors WikiFoia, reads [68]: "Sunshine Review is funded largely by grants and a number of private donations. Our organization believes there is a difference between government transparency and personal privacy and for this reason we do not disclose our donors." Perhaps Graves and O'Keefe share that philosophy.

Other organizations working on electoral and governmental transparency disagree. For an organization that is pushing government transparency, it is "critical in achieving its own level of credibility" to be upfront about its funding sources, says Sheila Krumholz, the executive director of the Center for Responsive Politics (CRP). Her organization runs Open Secrets, the "nation's premier website tracking the influence of money on U.S. politics, and how that money affects policy and citizens' lives" and lists its funders on its website, as well as lengthy profiles of its board members and staff.

"The primary reason that an organization would hide these funding ties is that it is either unaware of this oversight, or it is seeking to hide relationships that are inappropriate or deemed unfavorable to those who might be judging the credibility of the organization," Krumholz said. "Being forthright allows people to consider what motivations may be in play and what a source stands to gain or lose."

--(Leslie Graves is not related in any way to the Executive Director of the Center for Media and Democracy in Madison, Wisconsin, Lisa Graves.)